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Nealie McCormick, chair of Council on American Indian Concerns, talks about preserving indigenous culture & rights in Georgia
Members and dignitaries of the Lower Muscogee Creek Tribe, the Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee, the Cherokee of Georgia Tribal Council, as well as members of the Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns, wave to the crowd at the Atlanta Braves game on Aug. 20, 2022, at Truist Park. (Credit: Atlanta Braves)
The state of Georgia is home to about 100,000 American Indians, and while they make up a small percentage of the overall population, their cultural and historical significance is immense. To better represent the American Indian community in Georgia and address their unique challenges and concerns, the Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns was established in 1973. The council's mission is to promote the welfare and rights of American Indians in Georgia.
One of the driving forces behind the council's work is its chairman, Nealie McCormick. As the police chief of Pelham, Georgia, and a dedicated advocate for the American Indian community, McCormick, a Muscogee Creek Indian, has devoted his career to promoting a deeper understanding of their culture and traditions, as well as addressing the challenges they face.
State Affairs caught up with McCormick to ask him about his work with the council, the role it plays in advancing the welfare of American Indians in Georgia, and his vision for the future of the American Indian community.
The conversation has been edited for length and clarity.
Q. You are a police chief by day. How did you get involved in the Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns?
A. I got into police work from a grant from the Georgia Commission of Indian Affairs, which is the agency before [the Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns]. They actually paid for my training and paid the city to employ me and send me through training back in 1978. I’ve been doing this for 45 years, and my start was with the Commission of Indian Affairs. I got directly involved in the council in later years and was appointed to the council by Governor Zell Miller in 1993. I was then elected chair in 1996.
Q. What is the main role of the council?
A. The council originally was set up for grave protection, [recovering] buried objects, trying to prevent intentional/accidental desecration, advising the local governments, and repatriation of items. The council was combined with the Office of Indian Heritage, which was the successor to the Commission of Indian Affairs. The [Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns] is now the only agency specifically authorized to handle Indian affairs in Georgia. The council really is now the combination of the [Georgia Commission of Indian Affairs] and the Office of Indian Heritage.
We have three recognized tribes in Georgia, and we try to assist those with their economic development and other issues that may come up. We’ve been working with the Atlanta Braves on things that concern American Indians, and they’ve been listening to us. One of the good projects is the native American high school showcase. What they’ve done is, they've brought in 50 students from high schools across the United States for coaching from retired baseball players, along with scouts from different colleges to watch them play to give the kids a chance to move up and possibly earn scholarships for college. They’ve also helped fund some projects with the three tribes here in Georgia. One of them is funding the youth programs, where they're learning about the culture and about skills in traditions that are in danger of being lost, like basket making.
We work a lot with the different state agencies: child and children services to help protect our children (ones that may be removed from their environment), the Department of Family and Children's Service has worked up some regulations to help us in that standpoint, and criminal justice agencies. When there's a state agency that needs some advice on dealing with American Indians, we're the ones to come to.
We helped a lot of our people get jobs that get them back into the workforce. It's things like that. Every day is a little different. Different issues come up, and we handle those as they come.
Q. You mentioned that there are three tribes. Has that grown or decreased over time? Since your time in 1993, were there more tribes then than there are now?
A. Now, the Indian population is growing because you have a lot of people that have moved in from other areas. There's a large population of Lakota Indians in the Atlanta area that has moved in. Then you've got other tribes from outside the state that people have moved in. I think Georgia now has probably 100,000 American Indians or more. So there are more Indians in Georgia now than there were before the removal. The tribes are left here. … There is the Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee, the Georgia Tribal Council of Cherokee, and the Lower Muscogee Creek Tribe, which is located in South Georgia.
Q. How does the council engage and collaborate with other organizations and stakeholders in Georgia, such as state and local governments, other advocacy groups, and the wider community?
A. Like cities, we give them advice on things or counties. A lot of times, we're interacting on disturbances: graves, picking up, looking for artifacts. And so we work with law enforcement, and we've worked closely with [Georgia Department of Natural Resources], law enforcement in the past to prevent these. One time we had a real problem in southern Georgia, where there was a group of people, I think they referred to themselves as the Kumbata militia, digging up graves. They would dig up the graves, cover it over with maybe plywood and dirt, and have a light run down there and steal artifacts from graves. So we've had to work with law enforcement to try to apprehend people doing those things.
Additionally, we helped facilitate [Gov. Brian Kemp’s Native American Day Proclamation]. And actually, it's grown into Native American Heritage Month.
Q. There's currently a bill on the House floor, HB 43, relating to the Council on American Indian Concerns. Did the council play any role in that legislation?
A. Yeah, we're being consulted on that. That's actually a cleanup bill. It's updating the proper contact addresses for the individual tribes and ensuring that each tribe has got some representative on the council. That's the primary purpose.
Q. How is the organization funded, and what are some of the challenges it faces in gaining adequate resources and support?
A. Funding has been a problem because we really have not had adequate funding even to support our meetings. We could really use full-time staff. And really, we got a little help last year that helped us out somewhat. We're getting more support now out of the General Assembly, but we're still in need of more funding to carry out our responsibilities.
Q. Do members of the council have a heritage with American Indians within Georgia?
A. Yes. There's a member from each one of the tribes that are on the council. Five members have to be American Indians. There's also the scientists and anthropologists that are on the council: one physical anthropologist, one archaeologist, and one scientist that is familiar with Indians in general.
Q. What is the most pressing issue that American Indians face today in Georgia, and what work does the council do to alleviate those concerns?
A. Well, there's, of course, opportunities for better education. One of the things we're trying to do is preserve language. We're working on that. A lot of the issues that you have in Georgia are national, too. Nationally, there's a big issue with domestic violence, missing Indigenous women. We're concerned about those things, too. We're trying to work to try to identify, do more identification on all that and see how we might support a better response to those. But maintaining existence is one of the big issues we've got in Georgia, holding things together. It's been really tough over the years, and there hasn't been a lot of support for the tribes or for Indian issues until actually fairly recently. We're finally seeing a change.
The council is really the bridge work between the tribes and the state. That's their voice dealing directly with the state. The government-to-government relationship between the state of Georgia and these tribes is through the council. The council is really important to the American Indians of Georgia because it's the only agency we have to deal directly with the Indians and the Indian tribes. It's our contact between state governments, other governments, and the Indian people themselves. It’s also that voice to let people know our concerns.
Historically, we're concerned about [the Okefenokee Swamp] in preserving the past. Environmentally [from mining], but also concerned about burials there. We've expressed to the other agencies the concerns of the American Indian community. It was successful in the 90s because DuPont was going to do mining there. We actually helped with that. The mining company DuPont decided not to proceed with the mining. Now that there [are] different companies, we're working to express our concerns about that.
Q. Can you talk about some of the major accomplishments of the council?
A. We have recovered, over the years, a lot of artifacts and buried remains that would have been lost. Now, they're going to be repatriated. There's been a lot of projects over the years that we've been able to work with. When Brasstown Bald, the golf course that was built up there, they actually came upon Indian graves there. We were able to work out a plan to preserve those remains. We don't want anybody disturbing them. But we were able to find a solution that preserved the burial and also allowed them to build their golf course.
Q. You mentioned that one of your major accomplishments has been recovering lost items that would have been otherwise lost to protect the heritage of American Indians. So how do you guys go about recovering those items?
A. Well, some of it has been recovered by law enforcement, and they were turned over to the council. And so we had a physical anthropologist check it and make sure that it was American Indian remains. Now we're transferring those things over to [Georgia Department of Natural Resources] to be part of the state's repatriation effort.
We had a lady who actually turned in an entire skeleton that was apparently her father’s, at some point back in the [1970s], who was working for the [Department of Transportation]. They had cut through an Indian mound, and he took the skeleton and actually kept it in a shed for about 40 years. He finally passed away, and the daughter turned that in to us so that we could repatriate.
Recently, there were some Indian remains that somebody had found in a file cabinet, which were turned over to the council. So that's going into the collection of [Georgia Department of Natural Resources].
These remains would have been totally lost. We've had drug raids where law enforcement had found complete skulls that somebody had stole from a mound that's going to be turned back over. Also, a museum had a skull and clothes, so they turned those remains over to us. We're just basically facilitating getting those, getting them into the process to be repatriated back to the tribes for reburial.
house passes sb 43
- HB 43 passed unanimously in the Georgia House on Wednesday. It must now pass in the Georgia Senate and then be signed into law by the governor. This bill directly affects the Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns: revising membership of the Council on American Indian Concerns and revising addresses of American Indian Tribes. One of the bill’s sponsors, Rep. Marvin Lim, D-Dist. 98, said, “One could see it as a cleanup bill. To me, it's far more than that. … Recognition and the ability to be found.” Rep. Darlene Taylor, R-Dist. 173, another sponsor of the bill, echoed Lim, saying, “This bill, it helps them get recognized, basically. … It gives them standing.” Taylor is also the sponsor of HB 71 – the Okefenokee Protection Act. The Okefenokee Swamp is sacred for American Indians due to tribal burial grounds in the area. “It's a wilderness that needs to be kept pristine like it is now,” Taylor said. “There have been descendants of the tribes that were there many, many years ago, hundreds of years ago, and they don't want [the Okefenokee Swamp disturbed]. During last year’s legislative session, a bill similar to HB 43, HB 725, passed unanimously in the Georgia House but failed to be voted on in the Georgia Senate. Lim, a sponsor of HB 725, said, "We just didn't have enough time in the Senate to really shepherd it to its conclusion and bill signage." Lim and Taylor are optimistic about its chances at success this legislative cycle.
Rohan Movva is State Affairs’ intern writer in Georgia. A lifelong native of the Peach State, he’s proudly rooted in Georgia's rich culture and charm.
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Despite opposition, both chambers pass their proposed redistricting maps
It’s crunch time for state lawmakers tasked with meeting a Dec. 8 deadline for creating new electoral maps for the Georgia General Assembly and U.S. Congress, also known as redistricting.
Our senior investigative reporters, Tammy Joyner and Jill Jordan Sieder, were covering the special legislative session at the Capitol this week. Joyner is following the Senate proceedings, while Sieder is following the House proceedings. They will be your eyes and ears during the eight-day session, which means you will find a variety of stories and live updates on what’s happening inside and even outside of the Capitol. The special session will resume on Monday. And so will we.
We’d love to hear from you — our readers. If there’s something you would like us to report on during the special session or just have a question about what’s going on, shoot us an email at [email protected].
Here are some of the highlights of Friday’s session.
In and about the Senate
Quote(s) of the day:
“In the maps being drawn by the Republican majority, 80% of the Black voters on the map who are being redistricted come from outside these new growth areas where there are large and growing Black populations. And yet the court specifically identified disenfranchisement areas within the order. Eighty percent of Black voters are being shuffled around. This is like the Republicans’ mother scolded them and said, ‘Clean your room.’ And instead of doing that, they hung up a couple of shirts and left all of the dirty underwear all over the floor.”
— Sen. Elena Parent, D-Atlanta, said of the proposed map change
“It hurts my feelings. I get defensive because I feel like I’m essentially being called a racist for supporting a map that is compliant with racial numbers the judge wants.”
— Sen. Bill Cowsert, R-Athens, who gave an eloquent history of redistricting in Georgia
Biggest thing that happened today:
The Congressional map proposed by the state Senate for the U.S. House was quietly released Friday afternoon to little fanfare after both chambers’ sessions had adjourned. Next week’s session will clearly focus on that map.
Meanwhile, after more than four hours of debate, the Senate passed Senate Bill 1 EX by a vote of 32-23. The bill is the proposed revised district map, which drew lots of opposition from voting rights groups and Democrats who say the map still dilutes Black voting power and violates Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act.
Lots of partisan volleying back and forth. Democrats accused the Senate Committee on Reapportionment and Redistricting of not allowing enough time for people to speak about the map. Republicans held firm that the map meets U.S. District Judge Steve Jones’ order.
After the Senate map’s passage, the Senate Redistricting Committee met briefly to hear public comment on House Bill 1 EX — the House’s proposed district map, which also passed the House on Friday. No action was taken.
Interesting observation inside the Capitol:
A group of children, babies in strollers and their parents with South Cobb Homeschool filed through the Capitol.
Happening while lawmakers are in session:
A group of health care professionals greeted lawmakers and visitors as they entered the Capitol with signs urging safe storage of firearms. They handed out information that noted 4.6 million children live in homes with at least one loaded, unlocked firearm. They mentioned HB 161, hoping that bill will see some movement when the Legislature reconvenes on Jan. 8.
What’s for lunch?
There was no official break for lunch. Some senators worked through lunch, grabbing snacks from the nearby mini cafe off the side of the chamber.
— Tammy Joyner
In and about the House
Quote(s) of the day:
“This map is an undemocratic, un-American, blatant exercise of partisan gerrymandering that harms the freedom of Georgians to elect their candidates of choice … Unfortunately it seems that we are repeating the mistakes of our dark past under Republican control of the Georgia Legislature.”
— Minority Whip Sam Park, D-Lawrenceville, on the proposed state House map
“I had to take a test to vote … I understand why voting matters … and as an attorney, I understand that when a judge tells you to do something in an order, you comply. He said to create five majority-Black districts — not opportunity districts or coalition districts or crossover districts. Chairman [Rob] Leverett’s map complies with everything the judge required.”
— Rep. Soo Hong, R-Lawrenceville, Gov. Kemp’s floor leader
Biggest thing that happened today:
The state House voted 101 to 78 along party lines to pass the proposed House electoral map crafted by Republican leadership, over the intense objections of Democrats, who said the map violates the Voting Rights Act by breaking up two minority opportunity districts and unnecessarily eliminating or vastly changing Democratic districts.
Minority Leader James Beverly, D-Macon, said the GOP maps “failed to remedy the wrong directed toward our African-American electorate that was disenfranchised” by the maps enacted by the Republican-controlled Legislature in 2021. He was also frustrated by the earlier decision of House redistricting committee chair Rob Leverett, R-Elberton, to bar a Democratic amendment that would have presented an alternate map for the committee to consider. The amended plan would have decoupled six incumbent Democrats and two incumbent Republicans who were paired in the same districts in the GOP plan.
Leverett said he could not find a way to comply with the court order to create five majority-Black districts without creating some incumbent pairings, noting, “we did not inflict political casualty solely on the opposing party — we took some damage ourselves.”
Interesting observation inside the Capitol:
Facility staff put the finishing touches on holiday decorations inside the Capitol, including putting the star on the giant Christmas tree in the rotunda, which will be decorated with much fanfare on Monday.
Happening while lawmakers are in session:
The Christmas decorating wasn’t limited to inside the corridors of the Statehouse. Facility staff were also sprucing up the outside with Christmas cheer, too.
What’s for lunch?
Some House members enjoyed pizza, and this intrepid reporter had what is certain to be her first — and last — Hot Pocket.
— Jill Jordan Sieder
In case you missed it, here’s what you need to know about the special legislative session.
Subscribe to State Affairs so you will have unlimited access to all of our stories.
We’d love to hear from you. If there’s something you would like us to report on during the special session or just have a question about what’s going on, shoot us an email at [email protected].
On the ground: Day 2 of the Georgia special legislative session
It’s crunch time for state lawmakers tasked with meeting a Dec. 8 deadline for creating new electoral maps for the Georgia General Assembly and U.S. Congress, also known as redistricting.
Our senior investigative reporters, Tammy Joyner and Jill Jordan Sieder, are at the state Capitol for the special legislative session. Joyner is following the Senate proceedings, while Sieder is following the House proceedings. They will be your eyes and ears during the eight-day session, which means you will find a variety of stories and live updates on what’s happening inside and even outside of the Capitol.
We’d love to hear from you — our readers. If there’s something you would like us to report on during the special session or just have a question about what’s going on, shoot us an email at [email protected].
Here are some of the highlights of Thursday’s session.
Quote(s) of the day:
“Don’t take life for granted.”
— Sen. Rick Williams receives a standing ovation from his peers after conveying his ordeal getting medical help in his rural community following a Nov. 3 heart attack.
“Do the right thing here, people, it’s not that hard.”
— Community organizer Michelle Sanchez
Biggest thing that happened today:
After some heated exchange, the Senate Reapportionment & Redistricting Committee approved its proposed map, rejecting the Democrats’ plan. The 7-5 vote fell along racial and party lines, with the committee’s five Black members voting in favor of the Democratic-drawn map. Sen. Gloria Butler, who presented the Democratic plan to the committee, expressed concern about the way the process was handled regarding the two maps. The map now goes to the Senate floor.
“Yesterday [when the Republican plan was presented], the committee didn’t ask questions. Today, the committee members got to ask questions. All of the public did not get an opportunity to express themselves but they did yesterday. So in my view, that’s two processes. We need to be consistent,” said Butler.
Interesting observation inside the Capitol:
Senators arrived for the afternoon session to find two books wrapped in a bow at their chamber desk. One book was photos of the lawmakers during the 2023 session. The other book was “Unlimited” by Benny Tate. The books are an early holiday gift from Lt. Gov. Burt Jones, president of the Senate. Tate is senior pastor of Rock Springs Church in Milner, where Jones attends services.
Happening while lawmakers are in session:
Unlike Wednesday’s opening session when community activists, school children and other visitors swelled the hallways of the Capitol, Thursday’s special legislative session was rather low-key.
What’s for lunch?
Senators had a catered lunch of chicken and steak fajitas from On the Border.
— Tammy Joyner
Quote(s) of the day:
“The truth of the matter is that we have delivered a map that we’re sure complies with the judge’s order. Y’all have not. There is a remedy. If we were to look at the area south and west of Atlanta, there’s one representative that you’re trying to save, but that one representative that you save is going to cost us all in the end. If you accept our map, then one representative may be eliminated. That’s the will of the voters. If you don’t accept our map and the judge has to do a special master, then every last one of us, 180 of us, are in jeopardy. Y’all have some big decisions to make.”
— House Minority Leader James Beverly
Biggest thing that happened today:
In the House Reapportionment and Redistricting Committee meeting, Republican members rejected an alternate House district plan proposed by Democrats and the committee voted 9 – 5 along partisan lines to approve the Republican chair’s plan already submitted.
House Minority Leader James Beverly, D-Macon, and civil rights attorney Bryan Sells presented the Democrats’ proposed plan. Sells said it cures a problem in the Republicans’ plan, which “unravels or dismantles two protected coalition districts” with majority minority voters, which he said would likely cause a federal judge to find the plan in violation of the Voting Rights Act.
Rep. Mary Margaret Oliver, D-Decatur, who has served in the Legislature for 25 years, told the redistricting committee she was shocked to learn her House District 82 in Dekalb County has been redrawn in a way that tears apart a growing coalition district of diverse minority communities. She called the changes a “glaring violation” of voting rights law that Judge Jones is likely to take issue with, and offered to help GOP lawmakers to remedy the plan.
Interesting observation inside the Capitol:
During their morning session House members watched a 120-second time-lapse video of the renovation work performed inside the Capitol over the summer and fall, which included painting virtually all the walls, columns and balconies in the building. After watching the blur of scaffolding, ladders and workers transform several spaces, members applauded all of the workers responsible for the transformation.
Happening while lawmakers are in session:
There was nothing of note happening outside the Capitol today.
What’s for lunch?
Members of the House Agriculture & Consumer Affairs Committee enjoyed Jersey Mike subs today, including roast beef, turkey, Italian and club sandwiches.
— Jill Jordan Sieder
Our stories explaining what’s behind the special legislative session:
- What is a special session of the Georgia Legislature, and why is it happening?
- Legislators schedule special assembly to address redistricting, but will they make headway?
- Say what? Terms you may hear during the special session
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Georgia lawmakers push for repeal of law determining where medical facilities are built
A study committee of Georgia senators took a decisive step Tuesday toward ending a longstanding and contentious law that regulates how and where new medical facilities are located in the state.
The committee’s decision centers on the 44-year-old Certificate of Need law. It was created to control health care costs and cut down on duplication of services and unnecessary expansions. It determines when, where and if hospitals need to be built. Opponents have said the law prevents competition and enables big hospitals to have a monopoly, often shutting out small and private medical outlets.
On Tuesday, the Senate Study Committee on Certificate of Need Reform effectively said the law needs to be repealed. The committee approved, in a 6-2 vote, nine recommendations.
“Based upon the testimony, research presented, and information received, the Study Committee on Certificate of Need Reform has found that the problem Georgia’s CON law was intended to combat no longer exists,” the report said.
However, the head of the Georgia Alliance of Community Hospitals said Tuesday that repealing the law would be a bad idea.
“It would have a devastating financial impact on hospitals and the quality and access to health care,” Monty Veazey, the alliance’s chief executive, told State Affairs.
Veazey said he has not seen the recommendations yet but his organization has sent its own set of recommendations to the senate and house study committees.
“We believe that the certificate of need really does need some modernization and we look forward to working with the committee to work through those recommendations and see if we can reach a compromise position during the upcoming legislative session,” Veazey said. “We still want to see what the House committee recommends before moving forward.”
Here’s what the senate study committee recommends, according to a draft:
- Repeal CON requirements for obstetrics services, neonatal intensive care, birth centers and all services related to maternal and neonatal care across Georgia.
- End requirements for hospital-based CON on Jan. 1, 2025.
- Reform CON laws to eliminate CON review for new and expanded inpatient psychiatric services and beds that serve Medicaid patients and the uninsured.
- Repeal all cost expenditure triggers for CON.
- All medical and surgery specialties should be considered a single specialty, including cardiology and general surgery.
- Multi-specialty centers should be allowed, particularly in rural areas.
- Remove CON for hospital bed expansion.
- Revise freestanding emergency department requirements such that they must be within 35 miles of an affiliated hospital.
- Remove CON for research centers.
The committee will present its recommendations to the Georgia General Assembly when it reconvenes in January.
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Proposed redrawn Senate maps create two new Black districts, threaten two Democrats
ATLANTA — The first step in the 2023 electoral redistricting process occurred Monday when Sen. Shelly Echols, R-Gainesville, chair of the Senate Reapportionment and Redistricting Committee, released a draft proposal of new Senate district maps.
Last month, U.S. District Judge Steve Jones ordered Georgia to redraw its state House, Senate and congressional district maps, adopted in 2021 by a majority-Republican-led Legislature, after finding they violated the Votings Rights Act by diluting the power of Black voters. The Georgia General Assembly is charged with submitting new maps to comply with Jones’ order by Dec. 8, and will be meeting in an eight-day special legislative session to do so, starting on Wednesday.
The proposed Senate maps would create two Black-majority voting districts while eliminating two white majority districts in metro Atlanta now represented by Democrats. The districts of state Sen. Elena Parent, chair of the Senate Democratic caucus, and Democratic Sen. Jason Esteves, a freshman, would become majority-Black if the redrawn maps make it through the redistricting process, a change that could invite considerably more primary challenges.
The proposed maps do not significantly alter the district lines for Sen. Valencia Seay, D-Riverdale, and Sen. Marty Harbin, R-Tyrone, whose districts Jones ruled did not comply with the Voting Rights Act. It will be up to Jones to decide if the new maps pass muster.
As it stands, the proposed Senate map will leave Republicans with a 33-23 advantage in the Senate.
On Wednesday legislators will plunge into their redistricting work during a special session at the Capitol. In addition to the state Senate maps, lawmakers must also redraw electoral maps to create Black majorities in one additional congressional district in west-metro Atlanta, and in five additional state House districts in Atlanta and the Macon-Bibb County area.
The proposed Senate maps (and all proposed maps to be submitted by legislators) are available on the Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Office’s website. Written comments can be submitted (and viewed) by the public through the portal available on the Georgia General Assembly website. Most of the reapportionment and redistricting committee’s hearings are open to the public; the daily legislative schedule is available here.
“The committee encourages public participation and values the input of the community in this vital democratic process,” Echols said in a statement released on Monday.
RELATED: Legislators will be slicing up voting districts soon after you carve your Thanksgiving turkey
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