Stay ahead of the curve as a political insider with deep policy analysis, daily briefings and policy-shaping tools.
Request a Demo- 1 in 17 kids in Georgia attend low-performing public schools.
- Georgia in bottom half of states in per-student spending in 2019.
- Low math and reading test scores in Georgia vs. most states.
Georgia struggles to stretch its tax dollars when it comes to turning around test scores and graduation rates for thousands of students in low-performing public schools.
More than 1.7 million students were enrolled in roughly 2,250 public and charter schools in Georgia during the 2020 spring semester, around when the pandemic sent students home for virtual learning that March. Beyond health care and public safety, perhaps nothing touches the daily lives of more Georgians across the state than the successes and failures of publicly funded schools.
And for those students and their families, few areas raise more concerns than the struggles of low-performing schools in dozens of local communities hit hard by poverty, isolation, and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Around 1 in 17 kids in the state attend schools that fall among the bottom 5% in terms of standardized test scores, graduation rates and other factors like discipline and student health.
That’s more than 100,000 students in roughly 160 severely struggling schools, plus another 50,000 or so in other schools that only recently started turning the academic tide.
These schools qualify for millions of dollars in federal aid on top of what the state budgets for its Office of School Improvement, tasked with divvying up federal funds and sending out education specialists to work with teachers, administrators and students at struggling schools. Every penny helps.
Georgia has one of the highest populations of any state in the country, along with a large number of public school students who make up its population.
Of the state’s roughly 10.6 million people as of 2019, around 16% are K-12 students, according to U.S. Census Bureau data. The large population complicates how much the state can spread dollars to cover essential school services, such as teacher salaries, classroom materials and special-education support.
While Georgia spent more on schools overall than most states in 2019, at roughly $19.5 billion, that translated to a comparatively low average of $11,228 spent on each student. Compared to other states, Georgia ranked 34th in per-student spending from federal, state and local dollars, Census data shows.
Georgia’s per-student spending tracked closely with how local schools fared on federally required test scores in 2019 compared to other states.
That's according to data collected as part of the National Assessment of Educational Progress, which tests a sample of students from different demographic and economic backgrounds across the U.S. to assess academic performance trends.
Georgia ranked 35th compared to other states in fourth grade reading comprehension and math scores, as well as in eighth grade reading, according to the 2019 reports. The state also ranked 37th in eighth grade reading scores and 36th in eighth grade math.
Many of Georgia’s lowest-performing schools saw less per-student spending during the 2019-20 year than the state average, rounding out to $10,698 for about 50 schools with years of low test scores and graduation rates. Some of those schools spent less than $9,000 per student.
Some of Georgia’s weakest test scores come from schools in metro Atlanta, Macon and Savannah and many rural areas that fall in the lowest 5% of all schools in academic achievement, qualifying them for federal grants under the Every Student Succeeds Act.
That act, passed in 2015, requires each state to identify its bottom 5% of schools, paving the way for them to receive federal school-improvement grants. Close to 170 local schools nabbed a total of roughly $39 million in grants for the 2019-20 school year, mostly from federal sources.
Those funds went toward buying data-analysis equipment and classroom materials, setting up after-school programs and leadership training, and hiring new staff like teachers, social workers and behavioral specialists.
Morcease Beasley, the superintendent of Clayton County Public Schools, said those resources aim to help schools bring struggling students up to reading and learning math at grade level.
Many students fall behind in those subjects due partly to outside factors like poverty, he said.
“Poverty is a factor that has great implications for what we do,” Beasley said in a recent interview.
“Our work of improvement is knowing where these kids are when they come to us, figuring out specifically what their needs are, what data are we going to collect along the way, providing those supports consistently, and monitoring that process to ensure that students continue growth.”
More than 1.2 million students in Georgia are considered “economically disadvantaged,” meaning they qualify for free or low-cost meals since their families earn incomes either just above or below the federal poverty line, according to data from the state Governor’s Office of Student Achievement.
Many of those students attend about two dozen schools that came under supervision of the state’s short-lived Chief Turnaround Office.
Lawmakers created the program in 2017 as a quasi-independent program to add to work already being done by the Georgia Department of Education’s school-improvement division. In the roughly three years that the turnaround program existed, it sent a team of education specialists to work one-on-one with teachers and administrators on analyzing performance data, creating improvement plans and completing leadership training.
The program, which served nearly 10,000 students total, managed to boost progress scores for more than half of its schools before folding in 2020, due mainly to political influences and internal strife.
Going forward, the work to pull up test scores and graduation rates in Georgia’s struggling schools continues for the state school-improvement division, currently budgeted this year for about $16.7 million in state and federal funds.
That division does not have the authority to give the state control over struggling schools, such as would have been the case under a program called the Opportunity School District that lawmakers passed in 2015, but Georgia voters scrapped before its launch. Instead, many struggling schools that show little progress in boosting scores and graduation rates risk losing so-called state strategic waivers, which let them use benchmarks for teacher evaluations and student performance that don’t strictly match federal requirements.
Despite that stick, state education officials try not to punish chronically under-performing schools, said Meghan Frick, spokeswoman for the state Department of Education.
“In general, our focus is not on punitive measures but on working directly with schools to ensure improvement,” Frick said.
State school-improvement specialists, as well as outside coaches hired by local districts, are now taking stock of the pandemic’s impacts on academic progress in schools that struggled long before COVID-19 hit Georgia.
The state has not updated its official list of struggling schools since the 2019-20 school year, due partly to the lack of standardized test scores that officials nixed during the early months of the pandemic.
Educators and advocates from several local school-focused groups have also started examining the pandemic’s effects on student achievement, including beyond just test scores in areas like health, wellness and grade-level learning progress. Those groups should know better how Georgia students fared during the pandemic via a report assessing academic progress other than test scores that’s set to wrap up in the coming months, said Craig Harper, executive director of the Professional Association of Georgia Educators.
“It’s going to be such a mixed bag of test results because of the pandemic,” Harper said in a recent interview. “We’re all anxious to see how schools start the upcoming year.”
What else would you like to know about Georgia's public schools? Share your thoughts/tips by emailing [email protected].
Header image courtesy of the Governor's Office of Student Achievement
Read this story for free.
Create AccountRead this story for free
By submitting your information, you agree to the Terms of Service and acknowledge our Privacy Policy.
House speaker Jon Burns hires new communications director
House speaker Jon Burns, R-Newington, announced today that he has hired a new communications director. Kayla Roberson, who has served as press secretary at the Georgia Chamber for the past year or so, will now oversee all external communications, media relations and strategic messaging for Burns.
“I’m excited to welcome Kayla to our team,” Burns said in a statement. “Kayla has an excellent background, deep skill set and strong work ethic, and we’re excited to have her on board to continue getting our message out and sharing the House’s priorities ahead of and into the next session.”
A double major in political science and journalism at the University of Georgia, where she graduated in 2022, Roberson interned for U.S. Rep. Andrew Clyde, a Republican in north Georgia’s 9th Congressional District, and worked as a consultant for GOP political candidates before joining the Georgia Chamber.
“I’m beyond grateful for the opportunity to work under the leadership of speaker Burns,” Roberson told State Affairs. “Whether it’s improving education opportunities, putting money back in the pockets of hardworking Georgians, creating jobs or supporting our rural communities, speaker Burns always prioritizes doing what is best, and what is right, for Georgia.”
Political strategist Stephen Lawson, who has held the top communications role for the speaker since last December, announced he’s joining Dentons, where starting today he’ll lead the global law firm’s public affairs efforts.
Have questions or comments? Contact Jill Jordan Sieder on X @journalistajill or at [email protected].
Global bird flu disrupts Georgia exports, costing chicken producers millions
ATLANTA — A global bird flu that has rapidly spread from birds to dairy cows, milk supplies and humans has cost untold millions of dollars in lost export business in Georgia, the nation’s leading poultry producer, officials with the state Department of Agriculture and poultry industry said.
Georgia has had only three reported cases of H5N1 avian influenza since it reemerged in 2022. The last of those cases was resolved in November 2023 but ramifications of those outbreaks continue to have a big effect on the state’s ability to export chicken and chicken parts, such as chicken feet, to different countries, including China, one of Georgia’s biggest export markets for chicken feet.
In 2022, frozen chicken feet, for example, accounted for more than 85% of all U.S. poultry exported to China, according to Farm Progress, publisher of 22 farming and ranching magazines.
The $30 billion poultry industry is Georgia’s largest segment in its No. 1 industry — agriculture.
China has also placed a ban on the import of chicken products from 41 other American states. The ban on Georgia products went into effect Nov. 21, 2023. Efforts to reach the Chinese Embassy in Washington, D.C. were unsuccessful.
Georgia Poultry Federation President Mike Giles estimates the state’s loss at “well into the millions of dollars.”
“It’s a significant amount in a significant export market for us,” he said. “Poultry paws [feet] immediately lose value because of the loss of demand.”
The ban has forced Georgia poultry producers to find alternative markets for their products that would normally be headed to China.
“Some are sold domestically, some are frozen and stored, hopefully to find markets later on, and some go to other countries,” Giles said.
This isn’t the first time China has banned U.S.-produced poultry products due to a bird flu outbreak. The country instituted a ban in January 2015 which lasted until November 2019 — even though U.S. poultry products were deemed free of the disease by August 2017.
After that ban was lifted, China’s appetite for American-produced chicken products became voracious.
In 2022, U.S. producers shipped nearly $6 billion in poultry meat and related products (excluding eggs) to over 130 countries. China has emerged as the second largest destination for U.S. poultry exports, increasing from $10 million in 2019 to a record $1.1 billion in 2022, according to Southern Ag Today.
Chicken paws, for instance, are eaten in many Asian countries, including the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Korea.They can also be found on Chinese dim sum menus throughout the U.S. and are also popular in Jamaica, Trinidad, Russia and Ukraine in everything from soups and curries to fried snacks.
Three Georgia counties have reported H5N1 outbreaks since 2022. The most recent case was late last year. Henry, Sumter and Toombs counties each reported one case of H5N1 bird flu. Those outbreaks are resolved, poultry and state agriculture officials say.
“When HPAI cases are found in any state, that state is given a designation that could lead to foreign countries halting trade on poultry products from that state,” Georgia Department of Agriculture spokesman Matthew Agvent told State Affairs.
Not since 2016 has the United States experienced such a fast-moving case of the H5N1 avian influenza. In the last two months, the virus has spread in parts of the United States from birds to dairy cows, some milk supplies and humans. Two people — a Texas dairy worker and a prison inmate in Colorado who was killing infected birds at a poultry farm — are reported to have caught the virus, according to news reports. The outbreak is the largest in recent history, impacting both domestic poultry and livestock as well as wild birds and some mammal species.
State officials are continuing to monitor the national outbreak and its impact on Georgia.
Georgia’s poultry & egg industry: At A Glance
Annual economic impact: $30.2 billion
Percentage of the Agriculture industry: 58% *
Jobs: 87,900
Counties involved in poultry & egg production: 3 out of 4
National ranking in chicken broiler production: No. 1
Daily production of table eggs: 7.8 million
Daily production of hatching eggs: 6.5 million
Pounds of chicken produced daily: 30.2 million
Pounds of chicken produced annually: 8 billion
Number of chicken broilers processed each day: 5 million
Counties involved in poultry & egg production: 3 out of 4
Source: Georgia Poultry Federation; The Center for Agribusiness & Economic Development, University of Georgia, Ag Snapshots 2024; Georgia Poultry Federation.
Have questions? Contact Tammy Joyner on X @lvjoyner or at [email protected].
Is it safe to eat chicken and eggs and drink milk? Answers to your most pressing questions about the latest bird flu outbreak
A two-year-old strain of bird flu has heightened concerns in Georgia and the rest of the country after the virus recently spread to dairy cows. Here’s what you need to know about the virus and its impact on Georgia and the rest of the country. What are the symptoms of this flu in humans? Eye …
Kemp signs bills on education, health care, taxes
Gov. Brian Kemp signed a slew of bills over the past week or so, including the private school voucher bill long sought by Republicans and a bill that will ease regulations over the construction and expansion of medical facilities in rural areas.
His bill-signing events were clustered into themes: education, health care, military members, human trafficking and Georgia’s coastal communities.
Education
Among the education-related bills Kemp signed was Senate Bill 233, also known as the Georgia Promise Scholarship Act, which provides the families of Georgia students enrolled in underperforming school districts with $6,500 scholarships that can be used toward private school or homeschooling expenses, including tuition, fees, textbooks and tutoring.
“Georgia is affording greater choice to families as to how and where they receive their education, while also continuing our efforts to strengthen public schools, support teachers, and secure our classrooms,” Kemp said, and thanked leadership in the House and Senate for prioritizing passage of the bill, which had failed in a close vote in 2023.
Democrats and many public education advocates who opposed the bill argued it will drain resources from public schools and primarily benefit students from wealthy families.
Kemp also signed Senate Bill 351, sponsored by nine Republican senators, which will require social media companies, as of July 1, 2025, to verify their users are at least 16 years old unless they receive approval from a parent.
House Bill 409, sponsored by Rep. Lauren Daniel, R-Locust Grove, directs school systems to consider not having bus stops where a student would have to cross a roadway with a speed limit of 40 mph or greater. The bill also increases the penalty for passing a stopped school bus to $1,000 from $250.
Kemp noted that Ashley Pierce, the mother of Addy Pierce, an 8-year-old who was fatally struck by a motorist as she boarded her school bus, “passionately advocated for and was instrumental in the passage of this legislation.”
Senate Bill 395, sponsored by Sen. Clint Dixon, R-Gwinnett, states that no school visitor or personnel can be prohibited from possessing an opioid reversal drug such as Narcan and directs schools to maintain a supply. It also allows opioid antagonists to be sold in vending machines and directs certain government buildings to maintain a supply of at least three doses.
Senate Bill 464, also sponsored by Dixon, creates the School Supplies for Teachers Program to financially and technically support teachers purchasing school supplies online. It also creates an executive committee of five voting members within the Georgia Council on Literacy and limits the number of approved literacy screeners to five, one of whom must be available to schools for free.
Health care
The governor chose his hometown of Athens as the venue to sign several bills aimed at improving health care in rural and underserved communities.
Among them was House Bill 1339, sponsored by Rep. Butch Parrish, R-Swainsboro, which revises the Certificate of Need process by which the state determines if and how new medical facilities can be built or expanded. The bill provides for several new exemptions, including psychiatric or substance abuse inpatient programs, basic perinatal services in rural counties, birthing centers and new general acute hospitals in rural counties. It also raises the total limit on tax credits for donations to rural hospital organizations to $100 million from $75 million.
Senate Bill 480, sponsored by Sen. Mike Hodges, R-Brunswick, establishes student loan repayments for mental health and substance use professionals serving underserved youth in the state or in unserved geographic areas disproportionately impacted by social determinants of health.
House Bill 872, sponsored by Rep. Lee Hawkins, R-Gainesville, chair of the House Health and Human Services Committee, expands cancelable loans for certain health care professionals to dental students who agree to practice in rural areas.
Senate Bill 293, sponsored by Sen. Ben Watson, R-Savannah, chair of the Senate Health and Human Services Committee, reorganizes county boards of public health and opens the qualifications for the CEO of each county board of health to include either licensed physicians or people with a master’s degree in public health or a related field.
Military members and veterans
Kemp on Wednesday focused on bills to improve military recruitment and provide more work opportunities for veterans and military family members.
House Bill 880, sponsored by Rep. Bethany Ballard, R-Warner Robins, allows spouses of military service members to work under a license they hold in good standing in another state while under the supervision of an existing Georgia medical facility or provider.
Senate Bill 449, sponsored by Sen. Larry Walker, allows military medical personnel to practice for 12 months while a license application is pending, including working as a certified nursing aide, certified emergency medical technician, paramedic or licensed practical nurse. The bill also creates a new advanced practice registered nurse license and makes it a misdemeanor to practice advanced nursing without a license.
Human trafficking
The governor on Wednesday was accompanied by first lady Marty Kemp and other members of the GRACE Commission for the signing of an anti-human trafficking package. It includes Senate Bill 370, which adds certain businesses to the list of organizations that must post human trafficking notices, including convenience stores, body art studios, businesses that employ licensed massage therapists and manufacturing facilities.
Sponsored by Sen. Mike Hodges, R-Brunswick, the bill also allows the Georgia Board of Massage Therapy to initiate inspections of massage therapy businesses and educational programs without notice and requires massage therapy board members to complete yearly human trafficking awareness training.
House Bill 993, sponsored by Rep. Alan Powell, R-Hartwell, creates the felony offense of grooming of a minor and creates new penalties for offenses relating to visual mediums depicting minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct.
House Bill 1201, sponsored by Rep. Houston Gaines, R-Athens, allows human trafficking survivors who received first offender or conditional discharge status to vacate that status for certain crimes, as long as the crime was a direct result of being a victim of human trafficking.
Coastal communities
Earlier today in Brunswick, Kemp signed legislation impacting Georgia coastal communities, including House Bill 244, which amends the laws around how wild game can be hunted and how seafood dealers operate, and House Bill 1341, which designates white shrimp as the state’s official crustacean.
Taxes
Earlier this month Kemp signed several bills related to taxation, including House Bill 1015, sponsored by Rep. Lauren McDonald, R-Cumming, which lowers the state income tax for tax year 2024 to 5.39%, accelerating a multiyear drop in state income taxes that started at 5.75% in 2023 and will continue through 2029.
The Governor’s Office of Planning and Budget estimates the tax cut acceleration will save Georgia taxpayers approximately $1.1 billion in calendar year 2024 and about $3 billion over the next 10 years.
Kemp also signed House Bill 1021, sponsored by Rep. Lauren Daniel, R-Locust Grove, which increases the state’s income tax dependent exemption to $4,000 from $3,000.
House Bill 581, sponsored by Reps. Shaw Blackmon, R-Bonaire, and Clint Crowe, R-Jackson, enables a constitutional amendment (House Resolution 1022) to let voters decide whether counties can provide a statewide homestead valuation freeze, which limits the increase in property values to the inflation rate.
The governor has until May 7 to sign or veto bills passed during the legislative session that ended on March 28. Those he takes no action on will automatically become law.
Legislation signed by Kemp is posted on the governor’s website.
Read these related stories:
Have questions, comments or tips on education in Georgia? Contact Jill Jordan Sieder on X @journalistajill or at [email protected].
Facebook @STATEAFFAIRSGA
Instagram @STATEAFFAIRSGA
LinkedIn @STATEAFFAIRS